Through the routines, conventions, and pressures that govern everyday journalistic decision-making, media representations shape and impact international climate science policy and the translation of scientific uncertainty.
The majority of climate coverage is shaped by news demands, values, and expectations.
Both macro- and micro-level variables influence how climate research is covered in the media.
Micro-level variables include journalistic routines, professional ideals, and organizational conventions, whereas macro-level ones include media ownership and cultural values.
Climate science news is reported in the context of the increasing concentration and globalization of news media ownership.
When scientific predictions call for revolutionary mitigation measures, media outlets in a capitalist society must balance reporting on this with pleasing advertisers who pay their salaries and other costs.
Automobiles, real estate, airlines, fast food, and home furnishings get the most promotion, and their use may raise climate change emissions and prevent effective mitigation.
Science articles in Canadian newspapers are generally event-driven, nonlocal wire reports with a positive tone, although they are not significant in terms of frequency or placement.
Medical articles are more common in these publications than environmental ones, while environmental stories are more likely to focus on negative effects.
Science procedures are seldom mentioned in science fiction.
Because of organizational limitations on media workers and the perceived marketability of science as a news product, Canadian journalists often cover environmental problems as hard news, and less frequently and adversely than other subjects.
Despite the fact that the proportion of US scientific articles has consistently risen over the past three decades, neither the variety of subjects covered nor the comprehensiveness of reports has changed.
Methodological and contextual information are still often omitted from science tales.
Many climate stories lack simple, event-driven news pegs, moments that may be used to hang a front-page or top-of-the-news article.
These stories require a substantial investment of time, effort, and money on the part of the media, with little apparent return on investment.
Journalists must concentrate on events and have difficulties covering "creeping" stories about persistent issues and their settings, particularly tales that do not end in apparent events.
Journalists' capacity to understand and convey complicated climate science ideas is hampered by tight constraints.
The bottom line may also restrict the scope of climate coverage.
Editors in many nations claim a lack of financial resources as a major factor for not covering climate change adaptation topics such as urbanization, renewable energy, recycling, irrigation, seed saving, fuel substitution, and tree planting.
Although drama may bring social issues to life and help them develop, exaggerated or alarming news can obscure thorough examination of long-term issues.
Sensationalism in climate journalism may also trivialize material, filter out information that aren't immediately exciting or controversial, or prevent a constructive message from being delivered.
In their daily search of fresh perspectives on deadline, reporters often miss underlying causes and long-term repercussions.
Despite the fact that the public's primary source of climate change information is television news, few environment and/or science reporters cover the subject for broadcast stations.
The weathercasters' views and beliefs regarding climate change have an impact on their awareness of the scientific consensus and cognitive comprehension of the subject.
Reporters that mainly rely on scientists as sources and cover the environment full-time have the most up-to-date climate change information.
Scientists often give general climate coverage a lower score than their own article accuracy ratings.
Overstating the rate of climate change and conflating ozone depletion with the greenhouse effect are two examples of accuracy issues.
Experts know more about the present condition of the climate, the causes of climate change, and the implications of climate change than environmental journalists, politicians, and laypeople.
Most individuals are more knowledgeable about the causes of climate change than they are about the present condition or future implications, and they are also more knowledgeable about weather and sea/glacier effects than they are about health repercussions.
Journalists, unlike specialists, politicians, or even laypeople, often show less confidence in their own understanding of climate change.
When faced with real information, they are also more prone than experts to alter their trust in their own expertise.
Journalists often lack the room or time to cover intricate nuances.
They must simplify for a broad audience and replace technical terminology with more familiar and emotional phrases.
Some topics are avoided by journalists because they are too complicated or lack attention-getting visuals.
Reader interest and comprehension of climate change may be boosted by media accounts that offer more explanatory information.
When compared to conventional inverted pyramid news articles, explanatory news language may substantially increase reader interest and comprehension of the material, especially among non-science readers.
To enhance readability, most journalists try to write at a sixth-grade level, yet this may lead to oversimplification of climate news and neglect of the complexity and implications of energy decisions.
Peak oil, the theory that oil production has reached or will soon reach its apex before entering a terminal decline, is a complex story that gained prominence after 2005 but remained underreported and lacked clear, nuanced explanation.
Newsrooms often avoid covering peak oil because it is not an events-based story and involves the gradual accumulation of data that does not provide easy answers.
They believe the story lacks strong graphics and isn't profitable enough to warrant the journalistic resources needed to effectively report on it.
~ Jai Krishna Ponnappan
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